CentOS 5.1部署L.A.M.P环境配置手册
刚刚为公司的系统部门编写的公司LAMP部署标准，基于CentOS5.1 32/64位系统。
一、系统约定
软件源代码包存放位置 /usr/local/src
源码包编译安装位置(prefix) /usr/local/software_name
脚本以及维护程序存放位置 /usr/local/sbin
MySQL 数据库位置 /var/lib/mysql（可按情况设置）
Apache 网站根目录 /www/domain.com（可按情况设置）
Apache 虚拟主机日志根目录 /var/logs/www（可按情况设置）
Apache 运行账户 www:www
二、系统环境部署及调整
1. 检查系统是否正常
# more /var/log/messages （检查有无系统级错误信息）
# dmesg （检查硬件设备是否有错误信息）
# ifconfig（检查网卡设置是否正确）
# ping www.moophp.org （检查网络是否正常）
2. 关闭不需要的服务
# export LANG=’en_US’ //设置语言
# ntsysv
以下仅列出需要启动的服务，未列出的服务一律推荐关闭：
atd
crond
irqbalance
vsftpd (FTP服务可选)
microcode_ctl
network
ntpd
sendmail
sshd
syslog
3. 重新启动系统
# init 6
4. 配置 vim
# vi /root/.bashrc
在 alias mv=’mv -i’ 下面添加一行：alias vi=’vim’ 保存退出。
# echo ’syntax on’ > /root/.vimrc
5. 使用 yum 程序安装所需开发包（以下为标准的 RPM 包名称）
a.修改/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo，将镜象站点地址改为在中国的镜象站点地址。
修改如下：
# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# This file uses a new mirrorlist system developed by Lance Davis for CentOS.
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
baseurl=http://mirror.be10.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
protect=1
#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
baseurl=http://mirror.be10.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
protect=1
#packages used/produced in the build but not released
[addons]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Addons
baseurl=http://mirror.be10.com/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
protect=0
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
baseurl=http://mirror.be10.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
protect=0
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
baseurl=http://mirror.be10.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
protect=1
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib
baseurl=http://mirror.be10.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
protect=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#packages in testing
[testing]
name=CentOS-5 - Testing
baseurl=http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/testing/i386/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
protect=0
b.保存后更新系统,执行：
# yum upgrade
c.建议更新所有列出的程序
d.最后安装需要的开发库：
# yum install vim-enhanced gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 flex bison autoconf automake bzip2-devel ncurses-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel libtiff-devel freetype-devel pam-devel kernel
6. a.定时校正服务器时钟，启用ntpd服务
# service ntpd start
b.对TCP/IP网络参数进行调整，加强抗SYN Flood能力
# echo ‘net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1′ >> /etc/sysctl.conf
将net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1写入sysctl.conf 文件
# sysctl -p
查看结果
7. 源码编译安装所需包(Source)
(1) GD2
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget –c http://www.ismole.net/downloads/gd-2.0.35.tar.gz
# tar xzvf gd-2.0.35.tar.gz
# cd gd-2.0.35
# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/gd2
# make
# make install
(2) LibXML2
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget –c http://www.ismole.net/downloads/libxml2-2.6.32.tar.gz
# tar xzvf libxml2-2.6.32.tar.gz
# cd libxml2-2.6.32
# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/libxml2
# make
# make install
(3) LibMcrypt
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget –c http://www.ismole.net/downloads/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2
# tar xjvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2
# cd libmcrypt-2.5.8
# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/libmcrypt
# make
# make install
(4) Apache日志截断程序
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget –c http://www.ismole.net/downloads/cronolog-1.7.0-beta.tar.gz
# tar xzvf cronolog-1.7.0-beta.tar.gz
# cd cronolog-1.7.0-beta
# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/cronolog
# make
# make install
8. 升级OpenSSL和OpenSSH
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget –c http://www.ismole.net/downloads/openssl-0.9.8g.tar.gz
# wget –c http://www.ismole.net/downloads/openssh-5.0p1.tar.gz
# tar xzvf openssl-0.9.8g.tar.gz
# cd openssl-0.9.8g
# ./config –prefix=/usr/local/openssl
# make
# make test
# make install
# cd ..
# tar xzvf openssh-5.0p1.tar.gz
# cd openssh-5.0p1
# ./configure \
“–prefix=/usr” \
“–with-pam” \
“–with-zlib” \
“–sysconfdir=/etc/ssh” \
“–with-ssl-dir=/usr/local/openssl” \
“–with-md5-passwords”
# make
# make install
（1）禁用 SSH V1 协议
找到：
#Protocol 2,1
改为：
Protocol 2
（2）禁止root直接登录
此处先建立一个普通系统用户：
# useradd username
# passwd username
找到：
#PermitRootLogin yes
改为：
PermitRootLogin no
（3）禁用服务器端GSSAPI
找到以下两行，并将它们注释：
GSSAPIAuthentication yes
GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes
（4）禁用 DNS 名称解析
找到：
#UseDNS yes
改为：
UseDNS no
（5）禁用客户端 GSSAPI
# vi /etc/ssh/ssh_config
找到：
GSSAPIAuthentication yes
将这行注释掉。
最后，确认修改正确后重新启动 SSH 服务
# service sshd restart
# ssh -v
确认 OpenSSH 以及 OpenSSL 版本正确。
8. FTP服务器的配置
#vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
把anonymous_enable=YES注释掉不允许匿名登录。
把 chroot_list_enable=YES
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
前的注释去掉。
把ftpd_banner=*前的注释去掉。后面改成你的欢迎信息(这样设置可以避免显示ftp服务器的版本信息)
保存，并执行
#service vsftpd start
这时可以用刚才添加的普通用户登陆FTP，root默认不能通过FTP方式登录。
三、编译安装L.A.M.P环境
1. 下载软件
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget –c http://www.ismole.net/downloads/软件包名称
httpd-2.2.6.tar.bz2
mysql-5.1.24-rc-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz
php-5.2.4.tar.bz2
ZendOptimizer-3.3.3-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz
2. 安装MySQL
# tar xzvf mysql-5.1.24-rc-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz
# mv mysql-5.1.24-rc-linux-i686-glibc23 /usr/local/
# ln -s /usr/local/ mysql-5.1.24-rc-linux-i686-glibc23 /usr/local/mysql
# useradd mysql
# chown -R mysql:root /usr/local/mysql/
# cd /usr/local/mysql
# ./scripts/mysql_install_db –user=mysql
# cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
# chown root:root /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
# chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
# chkconfig –add mysqld
# chkconfig –level 35 mysqld on
# cp ./support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf
# mv /usr/local/mysql/data /var/lib/mysql
# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/
# vi /etc/my.cnf 修改以下内容：
（1） 在 [mysql] 段增加一行：
default-character-set = utf8
（2） 在 [mysqld] 段增加或修改：
datadir = /var/lib/mysql
–skip-innodb
default-character-set = utf8
–wait-timeout = 5
max_connections = 512
max_connect_errors = 10000000
thread_concurrency = CPU个数×2
将 log-bin 注释
# bin/mysqladmin -u root password ‘password_for_root’
3. 编译安装Apache
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xjvf httpd-2.2.6.tar.bz2
# cd httpd-2.2.6
# ./configure \
“–prefix=/usr/local/apache2″ \
“–with-included-apr” \
“–enable-so” \
“–enable-deflate=shared” \
“–enable-expires=shared” \
“–enable-rewrite=shared” \
“–enable-static-support” \
“–disable-userdir”
# make
# make install
# echo ‘/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start ‘ >> /etc/rc.local
4. 编译安装PHP
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xjvf php-5.2.4.tar.bz2
# cd php-5.2.4
# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/php –with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs –with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc –with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql –with-libxml-dir=/usr/local/libxml2 –with-gd=/usr/local/gd2 –with-jpeg-dir –with-png-dir –with-bz2 –with-freetype-dir –with-iconv-dir –with-zlib-dir –with-mcrypt=/usr/local/libmcrypt –enable-soap –enable-gd-native-ttf –enable-ftp –enable-mbstring –enable-exif –disable-ipv6 –disable-cgi –disable-cli
# make
# make install
# mkdir /usr/local/php/etc
# cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
5. 安装Zend Optimizer
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xzvf ZendOptimizer-3.3.3-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz
# ./ ZendOptimizer-3.3.3-linux-glibc23-i386/install.sh
安装Zend Optimizer过程的最后不要选择重启Apache。
6. 整合Apache与PHP
# vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
找到：
AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
在该行下面添加
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
找到：
<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.html
</IfModule>
将该行改为
<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php
</IfModule>
找到：
#Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf
#Include conf/extra/httpd-info.conf
#Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
#Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf
去掉前面的“#”号，取消注释。
注意：以上 4 个扩展配置文件中的设置请按照相关原则进行合理配置！
修改完成后保存退出。
# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart
7. 查看确认L.A.M.P环境信息、提升 PHP 安全性
在网站根目录放置 phpinfo.php 脚本，检查phpinfo中的各项信息是否正确。
确认 PHP 能够正常工作后，在 php.ini 中进行设置提升 PHP 安全性。
# vi /etc/php.ini
找到：
disable_functions =
设置为：
phpinfo,passthru,exec,system,chroot,scandir,chgrp,chown,shell_exec,proc_open,proc_get_status,ini_alter,ini_alter,ini_restore,dl,pfsockopen,openlog,syslog,readlink,symlink,popepassthru,stream_socket_server
三、服务器安全性设置
1. 设置系统防火墙
# vi /usr/local/sbin/fw.sh
将以下脚本命令粘贴到 fw.sh 文件中。
#!/bin/bash
# Stop iptables service first
service iptables stop
# Load FTP Kernel modules
/sbin/modprobe ip_conntrack_ftp
/sbin/modprobe ip_nat_ftp
# Inital chains default policy
/sbin/iptables -F -t filter
/sbin/iptables -P INPUT DROP
/sbin/iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT
# Enable Native Network Transfer
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
# Accept Established Connections
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -m state –state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
# ICMP Control
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -m limit –limit 1/s –limit-burst 10 -j ACCEPT
# WWW Service
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp –dport 80 -j ACCEPT
# FTP Service
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp –dport 21 -j ACCEPT
# SSH Service
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp –dport 22 -j ACCEPT
# chmod 755 /usr/local/sbin/fw.sh
# echo ‘/usr/local/sbin/fw.sh’ >> /etc/rc.local
# /usr/local/sbin/fw.sh
